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How does pressure transmitter work？

2017-02-13

Pressure sensor is the most commonly used sensor in industrial practice. It is widely used in various industrial automation environments, involving water conservancy and hydropower, railway transportation, intelligent buildings, production automation, aerospace, military, petrochemical, oil well, electricity, ships, machine tools , Pipelines and many other industries. And in different environments, different types of pressure sensors need to be used to avoid errors.

2017

Six factors that need attention to prevent pressure sensor problems

2017-02-13

To avoid overvoltage, OEM engineers must understand the dynamic performance of the system and the limits of the sensor. When designing, they need to grasp the interrelationships among system components such as pumps, control valves, balance valves, check valves, pressure switches, motors, compressors, and storage tanks.

2017

The real power of the global manufacturing migration: technological innovation and cost dividends

2017-02-07

The trend of manufacturing transfer has a lot to do with the future and destiny of the country. There have been four large-scale manufacturing migrations around the world, and innovation factors are an important driving force for the large-scale manufacturing migration. Currently, the biggest reality facing manufacturing upgrades and migration is the decline in total factor productivity. It is generally believed that there have been four large-scale manufacturing migrations on a global scale: the first time in the early 20th century, the United Kingdom transferred part of the “excess capacity” to the United States; the second time in the 1950s, the United States transferred steel, steel, Traditional industries such as textiles were transferred to defeated countries such as Japan and Germany; for the third time in the 1960s and 1970s, Japan and Germany transferred labor-intensive processing industries such as light industry and textiles to the Asian "Four Little Dragons" and some Latin American countries; Four times in the early 1980s, developed countries such as Europe, America and Japan and newly industrialized countries such as the "Four Little Dragons" in Asia transferred labor-intensive industries and low-tech and high-consumption industries to developing countries. Therefore, China has gradually Become the biggest undertaking and beneficiary of the third world industrial transfer. Professional institutions such as McKinsey and Boston Consulting Group, as well as various economists and media, analyze the global manufacturing transfer from the perspective of "cost structure" (including comprehensive costs such as manpower, land, energy, and institutional transaction costs), and then Study and judge whether the future manufacturing industry will flow to low-cost countries such as India and Vietnam, or return from China to Europe and the United States. The important role of innovation factors in the process of global manufacturing migration has not received enough attention. The United States: Undertake the global and manufacturing transfer with manufacturing process innovation The United States has taken a long time to undertake the global transfer of production capacity and realize the rise of the manufacturing industry. Even though the United States already has 7 of the world's 10 largest industrial companies around 1850, it does not mean that the United States has truly become a manufacturing power. In the industry and technological competition, it was not until 1920 that the American manufacturing industry completely stood on the top of the world without any dispute. This was mainly due to the comprehensive innovation of the United States on the manufacturing and product sides. In the United States at the beginning of the 20th century, great inventions and great companies were flashing everywhere. Ford’s Model T and Cadillac’s electronic starting device opened up the era of human cars. Warner Bros’ "Jazz Singer" drove the prosperity of sound movies. Artificial gum has reshaped the American manufacturing industry, and telephone and electrification have fully upgraded the industrial infrastructure of the United States. In particular, the large-scale promotion of assembly line production methods and large-scale mass production, in addition to diluting fixed costs, also brought a large number of engineers together to engage in technological research and development, which greatly promoted technological innovation. At that time, the organization of British factories was relatively traditional, and small and medium-sized workshops were the favorite of British society, but such enterprises were unable to achieve economies of scale and systematic R&D innovation. By the 1920s, the gap between Britain and the United States in the manufacturing sector was huge. At that time, official data showed that the R&D expenditure in the United States accounted for 2.5% of the national product, while the United Kingdom during the same period was only 2%; the United States civil engineers accounted for as high as 13% of the total employment population, significantly ahead of the United Kingdom’s 5 percent. %. In 1929, the three pillar industries of the British economy were railway shipping, tobacco and alcohol, and textiles, while the top three dominant industries in the United States were agricultural equipment and construction machinery, vehicles and aircraft, steel and non-ferrous metals. Britain, an industrial power that is ambition to compete globally, has sunk to the point of relying on tobacco and alcohol to survive. Japan and Germany: Undertake the global manufacturing shift through innovation in a collaborative system After the end of World War II, the United States gave Germany and Japan priority in the development of traditional industries such as steel, textile and light industry in implementing the industrial plan for the revival of Europe and Japan.

2017

Difficulties and countermeasures facing the development of domestic sensors

2017-02-07

The industry generally believes that due to market monopoly and technological blockade, it is impossible for sensor industrial development to obtain core technologies and key processes from developed countries. It requires top-level design of industry and industry development, and formulation of national-level overall planning and Strategic policies should be supported. Since the beginning of the 21st century, mankind has entered the information the times and practical significance. The deep integration of information technology and traditional industries has become an industrial revolution led by technological innovation and aimed at application. It has laid a good foundation for the adjustment and transformation and upgrading of traditional industries, and provided a broad market space and development opportunities. Through innovation, it forms and presents a multi-industry interaction based on digital technology, Internet of Things, big data, cloud computing, 3D and virtual reality, artificial intelligence, new materials, "Internet +" and many other advanced technologies. Synergy, the interpenetration of regions, fields, industries, and daily life, the integration of industry and capital, and a period of industrial transformation driven by market applications. Information technology is the general term for the collection, management and processing of information, and an orderly data processing technology based on hardware. It mainly includes sensor technology, computer technology, and communication technology. The information system is a whole of software and hardware including input, storage, processing, output and control. It is a man-machine integrated system for the purpose of processing information flow. The development of information technology has played an important role in the progress of people and society and economic development. It has brought huge impacts and changes to people's ideas and lifestyles, and has had a profound impact. At the same time, it has played a positive role in changing production methods and improving productivity. Measuring the level of informatization of a country by the degree of application of information technology has become an important indicator of the comprehensive national strength of a country. Sensors are the foundation and core of innovation and development Sensors, computers, and communications are known as the three pillars of information systems. The quality of sensor technology has become an important indicator of a country’s technological level and whether it is at the commanding heights of international strategic competition. It is a core basic technology that developed countries attach great importance to and compete for development. Sensors are widely used in metallurgy, petroleum, chemical industry, electric power, transportation, water conservancy, new energy, electronics, environmental protection, household appliances, aerospace, aviation, military weapons and equipment and other fields of national economy, national defense, scientific research, etc. They are related to and affect technological innovation and national defense. , Economic and social security plays an important role in the current industrial restructuring and transformation and upgrading, and has very important strategic significance for occupying the commanding heights of strategic emerging industries. Americans believe that human beings have entered the 21st century and fully entered the information age. In a sense, they have entered the age of sensors. Sensors, communications, and computers are known as the three pillars of modern information systems. The development and application of sensor technology has become an important indicator of the degree of informatization of a country, as well as an important indicator of the level of scientific and technological development of a country. The sensor industry has been recognized at home and abroad as a high-tech industry with a promising future. It has attracted the world's attention for its high technical content, good economic benefits, strong penetration, and broad market prospects. In modern control systems, the sensor is at the position of the interface connecting the object under test and the test system, constituting the main "window" for system information input, providing the system with the original information necessary for control, processing, decision-making, and execution, which directly affects and Determine the function of the system. The sensor can directly contact the measured object or indirectly. Many control system functions cannot be realized because it is difficult to collect and obtain the information of the controlled object, which has become an obstacle to the development and promotion of system technology, and also the source and collection of big data an

2017

Multi-sensor complements the advantages of unmanned vehicles

2016-12-16

Today, self-driving vehicles are no longer regarded as science fiction, but as revolutionary technological products that will be realized now! The main reason is that, with the advent of advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) systems and the promotion and development of unmanned driving, cars need to know their surroundings well. The driver can perceive the environment around us, make judgments at the same time, and react quickly in different situations. However, no one is perfect, we will be tired, distracted, and make mistakes due to mistakes. In order to improve safety, automakers are designing ADAS solutions for passenger cars. Automobiles rely on a variety of sensors to sense the complex surrounding environment in different situations. Then, these data will be transmitted to high-precision processors such as TITDA2x, and finally used for automatic emergency braking (AEB), lane departure warning (LDW) and blind spot monitoring functions. 　　There are mainly the following types of sensors used to sense the surrounding environment in autonomous driving technology. 　　Passive sensors-mainly used to sense rays reflected or emitted from objects. 　　Visual image sensor-all imagers operate in the visible spectrum 　　Infrared image sensor-operating outside the visible spectrum. It can be near infrared or thermal infrared (far infrared). 　　Passive sensors are affected by the environment-at different times, weather, etc. For example, visual sensors are affected by the amount of visible light at different times of the day. 　　Active sensor-by emitting rays and measuring the response of the reflected signal. The advantage is that the measurement results can be obtained at any time, regardless of time or season. 　　Radar-by emitting radio waves, the distance, direction and speed of the object are determined based on the radio waves reflected from the object 　　Ultrasound-by emitting ultrasonic waves, the distance of the object is determined according to the ultrasonic waves reflected from the object 　　Lidar-Determine the distance of an object by scanning the laser light reflected from an object 　　Time of flight-use the camera to measure the time taken for the infrared beam to bounce from the object to the sensor to determine the distance of the object 　　Structured light-Project a known light pattern onto an object, for example by TI's Digital Light Processing (DLP) equipment. Subsequently, the camera will capture the deformed light map and analyze it to determine the distance of the object. 　　In order to provide enhanced accuracy, reliability, and durability in a variety of different situations, it is usually necessary to use at least one sensor to observe the same scene. All sensor technologies have their inherent limitations and advantages. Different sensor technologies can be combined to fuse data from different sensors in the same scene, thereby providing a more stable and durable solution, which compares view confusion through data fusion. A typical example is the combination of visible light sensor and radar. 　　Dismantling autonomous driving technology 　　Gill Pratt, head of Toyota Research Institute, listed several technologies related to unmanned vehicles. The first is the smartphone, and its related technologies, low-voltage computer processors, computer vision chips and photographic lenses have become "incredibly cheap and popular." 　　Moreover, cars have shifted from the power plant as the center to the computer as the center. For example, they are equipped with driving recorders, front and rear sensors, and other technologies to avoid hitting objects and warn driving. In addition, the map data system used to identify locations and guide directions, whether it is GPS positioning or Google Map, has become more and more accurate. 　　Deep learning has brought computer perception capabilities closer and closer to humans, allowing unmanned vehicles to recognize the difference between bicycles and pedestrians, signs and trees. Gill Pratt pointed out that the annual "ImageNet Image Recognition Contest" will test the accuracy of using deep learning algorithms to recognize pictures and images. A few years ago, the error rate was as high as 30%, but last year, the error rate has dropped to less than 5%. 　　These key sensing technologies and computing capabilities form the basis for the realization of unmanned vehicles, and most of them overlap with the technologies used in ADAS (Advanced Driver Assistance System). 　　How do self-driving cars see the world 　　Why do you need so many kinds of sensors? Complementary advantages and disadvantages 　　At present, most automakers are equipped with "autopilot" functions in mass-produced vehicles, including Tesla, Volvo, Mercedes-Benz, Audi, etc., in fact, they are equipped with ADAS. If NHTSA's level of autonomous driving is used, most of them are in the first place. Second to third level. However, Google, Ford and Baidu hope to ski

2016

What kind of opportunities will the development of smart logistics bring to sensors?

2016-10-29

In recent years, with the continuous advancement of Industry 4.0, smart manufacturing and the rapid development of e-commerce, the demand for smart logistics technology has risen sharply, and the market scale has continued to expand. Industry statistics show that the scale of the automated logistics system market has grown rapidly from less than 2 billion yuan in 2001 to 42.5 billion yuan in 2014. It is expected that it will exceed 100 billion yuan in 2020 and will maintain a rapid growth rate of more than 15% in the next few years increase. 　　The realization of factory automation and intelligent manufacturing is inseparable from the support of intelligent logistics systems, and the development of intelligent logistics is inseparable from informatization. A large amount of data and information collection and transmission need to rely on the core equipment of sensors. It can be said that sensors are the basic products of the entire logistics system, especially smart sensors that can be integrated with big data and factory automation, and can achieve information interaction through the Internet or "cloud". They have become the key technology and equipment for the development of smart logistics. . Therefore, the rapid development of the smart logistics market is increasing the demand for sensors, especially smart sensors, and promoting the further development of sensor technology.

2016

Aircraft manufacturing is inseparable from sensors, and the rare metal germanium is widely used

2016-10-25

In order to obtain information from the outside world, people must resort to sensory organs. But in many real activities, it is far from enough to rely on people's own sense organs. Therefore, sensors came into being and are widely used in various industries. Aircraft manufacturing is an area where sensors are widely used, and rare metal germanium, as an important raw material for sensors, plays an indispensable role in it. Fiber optic sensors monitor aircraft flight data As a new type of sensor, the optical fiber sensor is made in the "hair" thickness of the optical fiber to achieve the measurement of various physical parameters such as strain, temperature, pressure, acceleration, etc. It can withstand high voltage and resist electromagnetic interference. It can also be buried inside the structural body and is mostly used for online monitoring, such as bridges, dams, oil depots, railways, etc. The use of optical fiber sensors can not only provide safety warnings for abnormal conditions through data, and achieve long-term health judgment and life prediction through data accumulation, but also provide data support for the deformation of the aircraft wing, making the flight safer and more intelligent. Inclination sensor measures aircraft flight angle The best advantage of the tilt sensor is that it can directly output tilt data such as angle, which can be used to display the pitch and roll attitude of the passenger plane. When the passenger plane is flying normally, the tilt sensor can measure the current pitch angle and roll angle of the passenger plane in real time, and transmit the tilt angle signal to the display system, so that the captain or co-pilot can understand the current flight attitude of the passenger plane in real time , Which greatly improves the safety of passenger aircraft flight. Pressure sensor to ensure accurate atmospheric data Pressure sensors are mainly used in the measurement of acceleration, pressure and force. For example, the pressure type accelerometer is a commonly used accelerometer. It has the advantages of simple structure, small size, light weight, and long service life. It is used in aircraft vibration and shock measurement. The pressure sensor can also be used to measure the combustion pressure and vacuum degree of the aircraft engine. Altitude sensor measures the aircraft's flight altitude The altimeter is an important sensor in the aircraft, which plays a very important role in the safe flight and autonomous control of the aircraft. Take the helicopter as an example. The vertical control of the helicopter is realized by controlling the lift of the main rotor. The altitude information and vertical speed information of the vertical control come from the altitude sensor, which records the air pressure on the ground and compares it with the air pressure value of the helicopter during flight. The higher the flight, the lower the pressure, and the current altitude of the helicopter can be calculated by the difference between the two. By changing the height, the vertical speed can be calculated. But once the altitude sensor fails, the vertical control system of the unmanned helicopter will have problems, leading to serious accidents. In addition to the above-mentioned examples, the application of sensors on aircraft include: temperature sensors measure the temperature of aircraft engines, temperature and humidity sensors measure the temperature and humidity in the aircraft room, oil level sensors measure the fuel level of the mailbox in the aircraft, acceleration sensors and speed sensors measurement The acceleration and speed of the aircraft flying, the smoke sensor for smoke alarm, the ultrasonic sensor to monitor the position of the aircraft, and the inertial sensor and so on. Semiconductor material sensors are one of the most common sensors, which are sensors made of various physical, chemical and biological properties of semiconductor materials. There are many types of semiconductor sensors, which utilize nearly a hundred physical effects and material characteristics, and have multiple sensory functions similar to those of human eyes, ears, nose, tongue, and skin. The rare metal germanium is an important semiconductor material, which is sparsely distributed and has no concentrated germanium ore. Global germanium resources are scarce. China is the world's second largest germanium resource country after the United States, which affects the global germanium supply. In view of the importance and scarcity of germanium, the state began to plan its strategic purchase and storage in 2011. The Pan-Asian Nonferrous Metals Exchange, established in the same year, also took germanium as one of the listed products, and used the power of private capital to purchase and store, and form a benign complement to the state. Nowadays, another new type of internet finance platform under Pan Asia Group-Pan Rong.com will also list germani

2016

Applications for Wind Sensors

2016-10-24

Measurement of changes in surface wind direction: In the control of wind and sand in deserts and plateau areas, people usually need to pay attention to changes in the speed and direction of airflow, so that more meteorological data can be grasped, and a more complete control plan can be formulated at the same time. Meteorological equipment such as a wind direction sensor is used throughout the process.

2016

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