Global Wind Power Industry Development According to data from the Global Wind Energy Council, by the end of 2008, the world's total installed wind power capacity had reached 120.79 million kilowatts. This capacity can generate 260 billion kilowatt-hours of electricity annually, reducing carbon dioxide emissions by 158 million tons. The top five countries in terms of installed capacity are the United States, Germany, Spain, China, and India. Together, these nations account for 72.6% of the world's total wind power capacity, or 87.68 million kilowatts.   China's Wind Power Industry Growth China’s wind power industry has seen rapid development since the establishment of its first demonstration wind farm in Rongcheng, Shandong Province, in 1986. After nearly 23 years of continuous effort, the country's wind farms have significantly expanded. According to the China Wind Energy Association, by the end of 2008, over 11,600 wind turbines had been installed, with a total capacity of approximately 12.153 million kilowatts, representing a 106% growth in capacity. Of the total installed capacity, 61.8% came from domestic and joint venture enterprises, while 38.2% was supplied by foreign companies.     Firstrate Sensor Application in Wind Power Solution     In wind power generation, sensors play a key role by collecting various types of data, such as turbine speed, current, voltage, temperature, pressure, and displacement. This data is transmitted to a monitoring system for processing and analysis, allowing real-time insights into the turbine’s operational status and helping to maximize power generation efficiency. The main functions of sensors in wind power include monitoring, providing feedback, making predictions, and enabling control.       Wind Speed and Directing Sensor Application in Wind Power Solution   Wind turbines must continuously monitor wind speed and direction to optimize power generation efficiency. Wind speed sensors, or anemometers, are exposed to harsh high-altitude environments, so they need to be waterproof, lightning-proof, and capable of ice melting. They must also ensure electromagnetic compatibility and be able to withstand extreme conditions like freezing rain, hail, radiation, high altitudes, vibration, and dust.   Applicable sensors: Heated wind speed and direction sensors FST200-201B,FST200-202B                                 Ultrasonic wind speed and direction sensor FST200-204     Product Features and Advantages:   Developed using a non-contact magnetic sensing technology, providing high accuracy and reliability in data collection, with a broad wind speed measurement range and a low start-up wind speed. Operates within a wide voltage range of 18-36VDC, with multi-level lightning protection and surge resistance. Constructed from materials that offer excellent corrosion resistance and strong durability in high-wind conditions.   In addition to being mounted on the rear mast of a wind turbine nacelle for wind speed measurement, the wind speed and direction sensor can also be integrated into meteorological monitoring systems for environmental assessment.

1、After pressurization, the transmitter output does not change?   A: In this case, you should first check whether the pressure interface leakage or blocked, if it is not confirmed, check the wiring, such as wiring and then check the power supply, such as the power supply is normal and then look at the sensor zero output, or simply pressurized to see whether the output changes, there is a change to prove that the sensor is not damaged, if there is no change in the sensor that has been damaged. Other reasons for this situation may also be damaged instrumentation, or other parts of the system.     2, pressurized transmitter output does not change, and then pressurized transmitter output suddenly change, the pressure relief transmitter zero can not go back?   A: The cause of this phenomenon is very likely to be caused by the pressure sensor seal, generally because of the seal specifications (too soft or too thick), the sensor is tightened, the seal is compressed to the sensor inside the pressure port to block the sensor, pressurized pressure medium can not enter, but the pressure is very large when a sudden rush to open the seal, the pressure sensor by the pressure and the change, and the pressure is reduced again, the seal is back to block the pressure port, and the residual pressure is not able to change the output of the pressurized transmitter. When the pressure is lowered again, the sealing ring will return to block the pressure-inducing port, and the residual pressure will not be released, so the sensor will not be able to come down to the zero position. The best way to rule out this reason is to remove the sensor, directly see if the zero position is normal, if normal, replace the sealing ring and try again.     3, the transmitter output signal is not stable?     A: The output signal is not stable for the following reasons:        A, the pressure source itself is an unstable pressure;        B, the instrument or pressure sensor anti-interference ability is not strong (to confirm whether there is a source of interference around, such as motors, inverters, etc.);        C, the sensor wiring is not secure (poor or broken cable wiring, need to be rewired);        D, check the equipment grounding (induced voltage will make the sensor or instrument shell charged);        E, sensor failure;     4, the transmitter is connected to the power no output?   A: The possible reasons are:        A, connected to the wrong line (instrumentation and sensors should be checked);        B, the wire itself is broken or short-circuited;        C, no output from the power supply or power mismatch (check whether the input power supply meets the power supply range);        D, meter damage or meter mismatch;        E. Sensor damage;     5、Sensor connected to the meter, no output display?      A: Sensor connected to the instrument, no output display, you can test the sensor and the instrument to confirm which part of the fault;           Disconnect the sensor and instrument signal output line, first check whether the sensor output is normal;                 Current signal and voltage signal output can be tested according to the above chart, if the zero position is normal, slowly pressurize the sensor to see if the output value changes, if the output value changes, that is, the sensor is normal, can be judged as a meter failure. (For mV signal output sensor, can also be used in this way). Sensor power supply can be used separately external power supply or instrument power supply to see if the sensor output is normal.   6、Differential pressure transmitter installation position on the zero output of the impact?   A: Differential pressure transmitter due to its small measuring range, the self weight of the sensing element in the transmitter that will affect the output of the differential pressure transmitter, so the installation of differential pressure transmitter zero change is a normal situation. When installing the transmitter, the axial direction of the pressure sensitive parts should be perpendicular to the direction of gravity. If the installation conditions are limited, the transmitter zero position should be adjusted to the standard value after installation and fixation.       7, the transmitter output ≥ 20mA?   A: The possible reasons are:        A. Check whether the actual pressure exceeds the selected range of the pressure transmitter;        B, sensor overload caused by (serious overload sometimes damage the isolation diaphragm);        C, sensor failure;  

Q1: What type of pressure does the pressure transmitter measure? A: The first thing to consider is the maximum pressure your system experiences. A good rule of thumb is to choose a pressure transmitter with a range up to 1.5 times the maximum pressure of your system. This is because systems, especially in water pressure and process control, often experience pressure spikes or pulses. These spikes can be five to ten times higher than the normal pressure and may damage the pressure transmitter. Continuous high-pressure pulses that approach or exceed the transmitter's maximum limit can also reduce its lifespan. Simply opting for a pressure transmitter with a much higher range isn’t ideal, as this will sacrifice resolution. A better approach is to use a snubber to dampen the spikes, even if it slows the transmitter's response slightly.     Q2: What is the pressure medium? A: It's crucial to consider the medium the pressure transmitter will be measuring. Is it a thick liquid or slurry that will come into contact with the transmitter? Will the transmitter be exposed to corrosive substances or just clean air? These factors can determine which type of pressure transmitter is appropriate for your application.     Q3: What level of accuracy is required? A: Accuracy refers to the transmitter’s output errors, which can result from factors like non-linearity, hysteresis, temperature effects, and more. Temperature changes, zero balance, and other factors can lower a transmitter's accuracy compared to its nominal rating. While higher accuracy transmitters tend to be more expensive, ask yourself: does your system truly need that level of precision? Using a highly accurate pressure transmitter with a low-resolution instrument is an inefficient and costly approach.     Q4: What is the pressure transmitter's temperature resistance? A: Extreme temperatures can affect a pressure transmitter’s performance or even render it unusable. Each transmitter typically has an operating range and a narrower compensation range within which it meets its specifications. Outside of this compensation range, the transmitter can still function but may not perform optimally. Look for the transmitter’s specifications related to temperature errors, like “±x% full scale/°C” or “±x% reading/°C.” Without these parameters, it’s hard to tell if changes in output are due to pressure or temperature fluctuations.     Q5: What type of output is needed? A: Most pressure transmitters offer millivolt, voltage-amplified, milliamp, or frequency outputs. The choice depends on the distance between the transmitter and your system's control or display units, as well as noise levels and electrical interference. For short distances, a millivolt output is often sufficient and cost-effective. For longer distances or high-noise environments, a milliamp or frequency output with additional shielding may be necessary.     Q6: What is the required excitation voltage? A: The pressure transmitter’s output type may determine the excitation voltage needed. Some transmitters with built-in amplifiers can operate over a wide range of unregulated voltage sources, while others need regulated excitation. The decision here will influence system cost and the power source you choose.     Q7: Do the pressure transmitters need to be interchangeable? A: Interchangeability can be crucial, especially for OEMs. If you’re delivering products to customers, recalibrating the entire system each time you swap out a pressure transmitter can be costly. Interchangeable transmitters allow you to replace parts without needing to recalibrate, saving time and money.     Q8: How stable does the pressure transmitter need to be over time? A: Pressure transmitters can drift over time, so it’s important to consider the time stability of the transmitter. Understanding this up front can help minimize potential issues later.     Q9: How durable should the pressure transmitter be? A: Consider the physical demands of the environment where the pressure transmitter will be used. Will it be exposed to high humidity, vibrations, or impacts? The transmitter's housing needs to be robust enough to withstand these conditions.     Q10: How will the pressure transmitter connect to your electrical system? A: Will the transmitter's short cable suffice, or do you need to extend it with a connector? Most pressure transmitters offer either a cable or connector option, depending on your installation needs.

The principle of infrared temperature measurement sensor is based on the law of blackbody radiation, according to Stephen Boltzmann's law, all the temperature above absolute zero (-273.15 ° C) of the object will radiate electromagnetic waves to the outside, infrared temperature measurement sensor because of its wide temperature range and the convenience of non-contact temperature measurement, is now more and more widely used. Today we talk about how to measure different material objects how to correct the emissivity? Infrared emissivity factors Emissivity is the ratio of the energy radiated from the surface of an object to the energy radiated from a blackbody at the same temperature. It is an important parameter that affects the accuracy of infrared temperature measurement, but the actual application, the actual object emissivity is affected by a variety of factors, mainly containing the following elements: Material type Different materials have different infrared radiation characteristics due to differences in their chemical composition and physical structure, resulting in different emissivity. Usually, non-metallic materials such as plastics, wood and ceramics have higher IR emissivity, while metallic materials such as aluminum and copper have lower emissivity. Surface Roughness The smoothness or roughness of an object's surface affects its ability to absorb and emit infrared radiation. The rougher the surface, the higher the emissivity is likely to be, especially for metallic materials. The emissivity of non-metallic materials is relatively unaffected by surface roughness. Color depth The depth of a color does not directly determine the IR emissivity, but can indirectly affect the absorption and reflection of IR radiation from an object. Temperature of the object The emissivity of some materials sometimes varies with temperature, and this dependence varies from material to material. Object emissivity correction methods When using an infrared temperature measurement sensor for on-line monitoring of object temperature, if you are not sure about the object emissivity or the sensor emissivity has been fixed, you can use the following methods to adjust the emissivity of the temperature measurement object according to the emissivity characteristics, so as to achieve the optimal temperature measurement effect. Gluing method Localized electrical tape or thermal adhesive coating, the emissivity is close to 0.95, suitable for low emissivity of the material, the requirements of the heating process does not change the surface state of the object. Suitable for heat dissipation module, metal surface, etc.. Paint spraying method Most of the paint emissivity close to 0.95, local spray paint, can be applied to low emissivity, high temperature temperature measurement objects, such as pipelines, heat sinks, bearings and so on. Paint method Using a dark-colored water-based pen (emissivity close to 0.95) evenly coated on the surface of the measurement point, this method can be applied to do not allow changes in the surface state of the object scene. It can be erased after application. However, the target temperature is not suitable to exceed 100 degrees. Frosting/oxidizing method Most bright metals have low emissivity. Sanding or oxidizing the metal surface to reduce specular reflection can increase its emissivity and improve the accuracy of temperature measurement. Contact thermometer method Use the contact temperature sensor to directly detect the surface temperature of the object, by adjusting the emissivity, until the measured surface temperature is the same or similar. For example: the range of the sensor is 500-1400 ℃, the real temperature is 1200 ℃, the measured temperature is 1150 ℃. At this time, the emissivity parameter can be adjusted to: (1150-500)÷(1200-500)=0.928≈0.93

A pressure sensor can feel the pressure signal, and by a certain law will be converted to the pressure signal available output of the electrical signal device or device.       Pressure sensors are usually composed of pressure-sensitive components and signal-processing units. According to different types of test pressure, pressure sensors can be divided into gauge pressure sensors, absolute pressure sensors, and differential pressure sensors.         Pressure sensors are the most commonly used in industrial practice of a sensor, which is widely used in a variety of industrial automation environments, involving water conservancy and hydropower, railroad transportation, intelligent buildings, production automation, aerospace, military, petrochemical, oil wells, electric power, ships, machine tools, pipelines, and many other industries.         Common Units of Pressure   Europe the United States and other countries are accustomed to using psi as the unit PSI English full name Pounds per square inch, is “pound-force / square inch”. 1bar≈14.5psi1psi=6.894757kPa=0.0689476barIn China, we generally describe the pressure of the gas with “kilograms” (rather than “pounds”), the unit is In China, we generally describe the pressure of a gas as “kg” (instead of “jin”), and the unit is “kgf/cm2”, which means “kilogram-force per square centimeter”. In addition, there are Pa (Pascal, a Newton acting on a square meter), kPa, MPa, bar, millimeters of water, millimeters of mercury, and other units of pressure.     Five types of pressure sensors   ◆Strain Gauge Pressure Sensor-High Precision Most Widely Used        The core of the resistance strain gauge pressure sensor is a resistance strain gauge, which is a metal sheet that deforms when it is subjected to a force. When the strain gauge is subjected to an external force, its length and cross-sectional area change, which in turn changes the resistance value.         Strain sensors can measure physical quantities such as strain stress, bending moment, torque, acceleration, displacement, etc. and are most widely used in different fields. They are especially used in industrial weighing system products that require high accuracy, such as platform scales and hopper weighing systems.   ◆Ceramic Pressure Sensor-Resistant to Wear and Stability           Ceramic is the ideal material for pressure sensors because of its elasticity, impact resistance, abrasion resistance, and stable performance. Ceramic pressure sensors do not have liquid transfer, but use ceramic directly as the sensing diaphragm, so that the pressure indirectly on the back of the ceramic diaphragm of the thick film resistance, connected to a Wheatstone bridge, resistance resistance changes through the bridge to produce a voltage signal proportional to the pressure, the excitation voltage.　　   Compared with metal strain gauges, ceramic pressure sensors, ' biggest feature is corrosion resistance, in the measurement of corrosive media pressure, such as in the chemical industry, refrigeration and other fields are often very useful. Secondly, ceramic pressure sensors are often composed of a layered structure, so they have a better resistance to pressure peaks, but the corresponding sensitivity may not be as good as the former performance.   ◆Diffuse Silicon Pressure Sensors - Small Size, Big Signal           The principle is that the pressure of the measured medium acts directly on the diaphragm of the sensor, causing the diaphragm to produce a micro-displacement proportional to the medium pressure, so that the sensor's resistance changes, and rely on the electronic circuit to detect the changes, and quickly convert and output the corresponding standard measurement signal.         A significant advantage of diffusion silicon pressure sensors is a large signal output, for the back-end variable transmission conditioning line provides a great advantage, coupled with high resolution, high sensitivity, and its optional back-end circuit. Secondly, the compact size of diffusive silicon facilitates installation and can be widely used in medical devices to assist in biomonitoring.   ◆Sapphire Pressure Sensor - Accurate and Highly Priced           Similar to the first strain-resistor type, the receiving diaphragm deforms after being subjected to transmitted pressure, and after the change is sensed by the silicon-sapphire sensitive element, the bridge outputs an electrical signal that is proportional to the change in pressure.         As a semiconductor-sensitive element, sapphire's metrological properties are unrivaled, not only will not occur hysteresis, fatigue, and creep phenomena, but also under very high hardness is not afraid of deformation. In addition, sapphire has very good elasticity and insulating properties, such sensors can work in a variety of extreme environments with high reliability, good accuracy, and very small temperature errors. Its shortcomings a

What is wind sensor and how wind sensor works？      The wind speed sensor is a professional meteorological instrument used to measure the horizontal speed of wind. It uses a traditional three wind cups wind speed sensor structure that is highly durable.     In addition, thanks to its smooth bearing system, it starts smoothly and ensures accurate data collection. The built-in signal processing unit in the cup can output the corresponding wind speed signal according to the user's demand, which can be widely used in the fields of meteorology, ocean, environment, airport, harbor, laboratory, industry and agriculture, and transportation.       What is a Wind Speed Sensor?     wind speed sensors are devices designed to continually gauge both wind speed and wind volume (calculated as wind speed multiplied by the cross-sectional area). A prevalent type of wind speed sensor is the wind cup anemometer, believed to have been initially developed by Robinson. The measurement component consists of three or four hemispherical wind cups, evenly arranged and affixed in one direction on a rotating support fixed vertically to the ground.           What is a Wind Direction Sensor？     Wind direction sensors are engineered instruments that determine the direction from which the wind is blowing. Utilizing technologies such as vane sensors and windsocks, they provide essential data for applications like weather forecasting and aviation.     How Does a Wind Speed Sensor Work?     Wind speed sensors operate on principles such as cup anemometry. Picture small cups exposed to the wind—when they rotate, the sensor measures the rotational speed. This speed is then converted into electrical signals, offering accurate wind speed measurements.     The wind speed sensor is a professional meteorological instrument used to measure the horizontal speed of wind. It uses a traditional three wind cups wind speed sensor structure that is highly durable. In addition, thanks to its smooth bearing system, it starts smoothly and ensures accurate data collection. The built-in signal processing unit in the cup can output the corresponding wind speed signal according to the user's demand, which can be widely used in the fields of meteorology, ocean, environment, airport, harbor, laboratory, industry and agriculture, and transportation.   How Does a Wind Direction Sensor Work?     Wind direction sensors, often using vane technology, determine wind direction by measuring the orientation of a vane in relation to the incoming wind. This angular information is then translated into accurate directional data.       The wind direction sensor detects and senses the wind direction information of the outside world by the rotation of the wind direction arrow, and transmits it to the coaxial code disk, and outputs a physical device corresponding to the wind direction related value; its main body adopts the mechanical structure of the wind vane, and when the wind blows towards the tail of the wind vane, the arrow of the wind vane will point to the direction of the wind blowing over. In order to maintain sensitivity to direction, different internal mechanisms are also used to give direction to the wind speed sensor.     How Does an Ultrasonic Wind Speed and Direction Sensor Work?     The working principle of ultrasonic wind speed and direction sensor is to utilize ultrasonic time difference method to realize the measurement of wind speed and direction. As the sound propagation speed in the air, will be superimposed with the airflow speed in the direction of the wind. If the propagation direction of ultrasound is the same as the wind direction, then its speed will be accelerated; on the contrary, if the propagation direction of ultrasound if the opposite direction of the wind, then its speed will be slowed down. Therefore, under fixed detection conditions, the speed of ultrasonic wave propagation in the air can correspond to the wind speed function. The precise wind speed and direction can be obtained by calculation. Since the speed of the sound wave propagating in the air is greatly affected by the temperature; the wind speed sensor detects two opposite directions on two channels, so the effect of temperature on the speed of the sound wave is negligible.   Advantages:   Precision: Ultrasonic wind sensors provide highly accurate wind speed and direction measurements, minimizing errors in data collection.   Durability: With no moving parts, ultrasonic sensors experience less wear and tear, resulting in a longer lifespan.   Low Maintenance: The absence of mechanical components reduces maintenance needs, making ultrasonic sensors a cost-effective choice.       How to Install Wind Speed Sensors and Tips?     Adopt flange mounting, threaded flange connection to make the wind speed sensor lower fittings firmly fixed in the flange, chassis Ø65mm, in the circumference of Ø47.1mm open four are Ø6mm mounting holes, the u

Wind speed sensor and  wind direction sensor are both of the important equipments for meteorological environment monitoring. Traditional wind speed and wind direction sensors in low-temperature regions and cold winter seasons, there are cases that the rotating bearings are frozen or the low temperature interferes with the circuits, etc., which seriously affects the normal collection of wind speed and wind direction data.

3 Types of Pressure Sensors and Applications   What is pressure sensor？   The pressure sensor is the most commonly used in industrial practice, a sensor, which is widely used in a variety of industrial self-control environments, according to different types of test pressure, pressure sensors can be divided into three common types: gauge pressure sensors, differential pressure sensors and adiabatic pressure sensors, mainly used in water conservancy and hydropower, railroad transportation, intelligent buildings, production automation, aerospace, military, petrochemical, oil wells, electric power, ships, machine tools, pipelines and many other industries. There are so many different types of pressure sensors on the market today that it may take some time to figure out their differences.Nonetheless, sensors can be categorized to a large extent according to their type of pressure measurement, the sensing principle used the output signal and the measurement medium.         3 Types of Pressure Sensors and Applications   Below we will briefly describe the different types of pressure sensors to help you understand your options. Pressure sensors can be categorized into three main modes of measurement:There are various types of pressure sensors, but the main categories are: absolute pressure sensors, gauge pressure sensors and differential pressure sensors, each designed for a specific application. Before you choose the right sensor, you should understand each sensor type and the scenario in which it is applied. It is vital that you choose the correct type of pressure sensor for your application. Ignoring this can lead to measurement errors and system performance failures. In the following article, we will briefly introduce the three pressure sensor types and relate some common application examples to each.     1. Gauge Pressure   Measured with reference to atmospheric pressure (usually 14.7 PSI). Gauge pressure to atmospheric pressure as a reference fluid indicator pressure, can be measured by a pressure sensor, called gauge pressure, that is: absolute pressure - atmospheric pressure = gauge pressure. Gauge pressure in the vacuum industry specifically refers to: the value of the relative pressure of the gas measured with an ordinary vacuum gauge (relative pressure gauge), expressed as a negative number, refers to the difference between the pressure of the gas being measured and the atmospheric pressure. Also called negative pressure. When higher than atmospheric pressure, you will show a "positive" pressure; when lower than atmospheric pressure, you will show a "negative" pressure.     2. Absolute pressure In short, this is the pressure measured relative to an absolute vacuum. The absolute pressure of a complete vacuum is zero PSI and increases from there. Absolute pressure is pressure relative to zero pressure. Correspondingly, Gauge Pressure (Relative Pressure) : If the difference between Absolute Pressure and Atmospheric Pressure is a positive value, then this positive value is the Gauge Pressure . For example, we are in the environment for a standard atmospheric pressure, then the absolute pressure is 1 atm, gauge pressure is 0 Pa. That is, gauge pressure = absolute pressure - atmospheric pressure > 0. If it is less than 0, it is called vacuum. Absolute pressure PaA, gauge pressure PaG. If you need to read pressure below atmospheric pressure, you can use this type of sensor.     3. "Differential pressure". It's exactly what it sounds like, the difference between two pressures, the pressure being measured and the reference pressure.     Application Scenarios   There are many types of pressure sensors, but they fall into one of these three main categories: absolute pressure sensors, gauge pressure sensors, and differential pressure sensors, each designed for a specific application. Here are some typical applications for each type.       A.Absolute pressure sensors:   Weather forecasting: Absolute pressure sensors are used in weather stations and meteorological instruments to measure atmospheric pressure, which is critical for weather forecasting. Vacuum Systems: Absolute pressure sensors are used in vacuum systems to monitor and control vacuum levels in applications such as semiconductor manufacturing and vacuum packaging. Barometric Pressure Measurement: Consumer devices such as smartphones and smartwatches use absolute pressure sensors to provide altitude and weather information for activities such as GPS navigation and fitness tracking. Aerospace: Absolute pressure sensors are used in airplanes and spacecraft for altitude measurement, cabin pressure control and hydraulic system monitoring.     B.Gauge Pressure Sensors:   Automotive: Gauge pressure sensors are commonly used in automotive engines to measure manifold pressure to optimize fuel injection and engine performance. Industrial Automation: Gauge pressure sensors are used in industrial automat

When it comes to weather monitoring, wind speed plays a crucial role. To measure wind speed, there are various types of wind speed sensors available. Some of the commonly used wind speed sensors include standard cup wind speed sensors and ultrasonic wind speed sensors. However, there are other types of wind speed sensors such as duct wind speed transmitters that are not as common but are still widely used.