In the modern era of water supply systems, efficient monitoring and regulation of pressure have become paramount for ensuring consistent water distribution, especially in non-negative pressure systems. Pressure sensors, including specialized negative pressure sensors, play a critical role in optimizing the performance of these systems. This article explores the application of pressure sensors in non-negative pressure water supply systems, shedding light on how these sensors contribute to operational efficiency, energy savings, and system reliability.   Understanding Non-Negative Pressure Water Supply Systems Non-negative pressure water supply systems are designed to maintain a balanced water distribution network, preventing pressure from dropping below a certain threshold. These systems are commonly used in urban infrastructure, where maintaining constant water pressure is essential for delivering water to residential, commercial, and industrial buildings. Unlike positive pressure systems, where the pressure is maintained at or above ambient levels, non-negative pressure systems avoid situations where pressure dips below the required value, ensuring a steady and reliable flow of water.   Understanding Non-Negative Pressure Water Supply Systems Non-negative pressure water supply systems are designed to maintain a balanced water distribution network, preventing pressure from dropping below a certain threshold. These systems are commonly used in urban infrastructure, where maintaining constant water pressure is essential for delivering water to residential, commercial, and industrial buildings. Unlike positive pressure systems, where the pressure is maintained at or above ambient levels, non-negative pressure systems avoid situations where pressure dips below the required value, ensuring a steady and reliable flow of water.   The Role of Pressure Sensors in Water Supply Systems Pressure sensors are integral to maintaining the proper functioning of non-negative pressure water supply systems. These sensors continuously monitor the pressure levels within the pipeline network, providing real-time data that can be used to adjust the system's performance as needed. By detecting pressure fluctuations, pressure sensors enable system operators to take corrective actions before issues such as low-pressure water delivery or system failure arise. Pressure sensors come in a variety of types, including piezoelectric, capacitive, and strain gauge sensors, each suited for different applications. However, in the context of non-negative pressure water supply systems, negative pressure sensors, which are designed to detect pressure levels below atmospheric pressure, are particularly valuable. These sensors help ensure that the water pressure does not fall below the required threshold, preventing potential damage to the infrastructure and maintaining a consistent water supply.     How Negative Pressure Sensors Improve System Efficiency Negative pressure sensors offer numerous benefits in non-negative pressure water supply systems, including: Prevention of Cavitation: Cavitation occurs when the water pressure drops too low, leading to the formation of bubbles that can cause significant damage to pipes and pumps. Negative pressure sensors detect when the pressure approaches dangerous levels, allowing for proactive measures to prevent cavitation. Enhanced Energy Efficiency: By providing real-time data on pressure fluctuations, pressure sensors allow for more efficient energy use. Operators can adjust pump speeds and operational settings to match demand, avoiding unnecessary energy consumption and reducing operational costs. Proactive Maintenance: Pressure sensors enable predictive maintenance by detecting early signs of wear or malfunction in the system. By identifying pressure anomalies, these sensors allow for timely intervention, preventing costly repairs and extending the lifespan of pumps and other components. Optimized Water Distribution: The continuous monitoring of pressure levels ensures that water is delivered at the correct pressure, improving the overall performance of the water supply network and enhancing customer satisfaction. Key Benefits of Using Pressure Sensors in Non-Negative Pressure Systems Reliability: Continuous pressure monitoring ensures that the system remains stable and delivers water without interruptions. Cost-Effective: By avoiding energy waste and reducing the need for emergency repairs, pressure sensors help lower long-term operational costs. Sustainability: Optimizing energy consumption and preventing system failures contribute to the sustainability of the water supply network.   Conclusion The integration of pressure sensors, especially negative pressure sensors, into non-negative pressure water supply systems is transforming the way water is distributed in urban and industrial environments. These sensors not only help maintain consistent water pressure but also enhance

Global Wind Power Industry Development According to data from the Global Wind Energy Council, by the end of 2008, the world's total installed wind power capacity had reached 120.79 million kilowatts. This capacity can generate 260 billion kilowatt-hours of electricity annually, reducing carbon dioxide emissions by 158 million tons. The top five countries in terms of installed capacity are the United States, Germany, Spain, China, and India. Together, these nations account for 72.6% of the world's total wind power capacity, or 87.68 million kilowatts.   China's Wind Power Industry Growth China’s wind power industry has seen rapid development since the establishment of its first demonstration wind farm in Rongcheng, Shandong Province, in 1986. After nearly 23 years of continuous effort, the country's wind farms have significantly expanded. According to the China Wind Energy Association, by the end of 2008, over 11,600 wind turbines had been installed, with a total capacity of approximately 12.153 million kilowatts, representing a 106% growth in capacity. Of the total installed capacity, 61.8% came from domestic and joint venture enterprises, while 38.2% was supplied by foreign companies.     Firstrate Sensor Application in Wind Power Solution     In wind power generation, sensors play a key role by collecting various types of data, such as turbine speed, current, voltage, temperature, pressure, and displacement. This data is transmitted to a monitoring system for processing and analysis, allowing real-time insights into the turbine’s operational status and helping to maximize power generation efficiency. The main functions of sensors in wind power include monitoring, providing feedback, making predictions, and enabling control.       Wind Speed and Directing Sensor Application in Wind Power Solution   Wind turbines must continuously monitor wind speed and direction to optimize power generation efficiency. Wind speed sensors, or anemometers, are exposed to harsh high-altitude environments, so they need to be waterproof, lightning-proof, and capable of ice melting. They must also ensure electromagnetic compatibility and be able to withstand extreme conditions like freezing rain, hail, radiation, high altitudes, vibration, and dust.   Applicable sensors: Heated wind speed and direction sensors FST200-201B,FST200-202B                                 Ultrasonic wind speed and direction sensor FST200-204     Product Features and Advantages:   Developed using a non-contact magnetic sensing technology, providing high accuracy and reliability in data collection, with a broad wind speed measurement range and a low start-up wind speed. Operates within a wide voltage range of 18-36VDC, with multi-level lightning protection and surge resistance. Constructed from materials that offer excellent corrosion resistance and strong durability in high-wind conditions.   In addition to being mounted on the rear mast of a wind turbine nacelle for wind speed measurement, the wind speed and direction sensor can also be integrated into meteorological monitoring systems for environmental assessment.

1、After pressurization, the transmitter output does not change?   A: In this case, you should first check whether the pressure interface leakage or blocked, if it is not confirmed, check the wiring, such as wiring and then check the power supply, such as the power supply is normal and then look at the sensor zero output, or simply pressurized to see whether the output changes, there is a change to prove that the sensor is not damaged, if there is no change in the sensor that has been damaged. Other reasons for this situation may also be damaged instrumentation, or other parts of the system.     2, pressurized transmitter output does not change, and then pressurized transmitter output suddenly change, the pressure relief transmitter zero can not go back?   A: The cause of this phenomenon is very likely to be caused by the pressure sensor seal, generally because of the seal specifications (too soft or too thick), the sensor is tightened, the seal is compressed to the sensor inside the pressure port to block the sensor, pressurized pressure medium can not enter, but the pressure is very large when a sudden rush to open the seal, the pressure sensor by the pressure and the change, and the pressure is reduced again, the seal is back to block the pressure port, and the residual pressure is not able to change the output of the pressurized transmitter. When the pressure is lowered again, the sealing ring will return to block the pressure-inducing port, and the residual pressure will not be released, so the sensor will not be able to come down to the zero position. The best way to rule out this reason is to remove the sensor, directly see if the zero position is normal, if normal, replace the sealing ring and try again.     3, the transmitter output signal is not stable?     A: The output signal is not stable for the following reasons:        A, the pressure source itself is an unstable pressure;        B, the instrument or pressure sensor anti-interference ability is not strong (to confirm whether there is a source of interference around, such as motors, inverters, etc.);        C, the sensor wiring is not secure (poor or broken cable wiring, need to be rewired);        D, check the equipment grounding (induced voltage will make the sensor or instrument shell charged);        E, sensor failure;     4, the transmitter is connected to the power no output?   A: The possible reasons are:        A, connected to the wrong line (instrumentation and sensors should be checked);        B, the wire itself is broken or short-circuited;        C, no output from the power supply or power mismatch (check whether the input power supply meets the power supply range);        D, meter damage or meter mismatch;        E. Sensor damage;     5、Sensor connected to the meter, no output display?      A: Sensor connected to the instrument, no output display, you can test the sensor and the instrument to confirm which part of the fault;           Disconnect the sensor and instrument signal output line, first check whether the sensor output is normal;                 Current signal and voltage signal output can be tested according to the above chart, if the zero position is normal, slowly pressurize the sensor to see if the output value changes, if the output value changes, that is, the sensor is normal, can be judged as a meter failure. (For mV signal output sensor, can also be used in this way). Sensor power supply can be used separately external power supply or instrument power supply to see if the sensor output is normal.   6、Differential pressure transmitter installation position on the zero output of the impact?   A: Differential pressure transmitter due to its small measuring range, the self weight of the sensing element in the transmitter that will affect the output of the differential pressure transmitter, so the installation of differential pressure transmitter zero change is a normal situation. When installing the transmitter, the axial direction of the pressure sensitive parts should be perpendicular to the direction of gravity. If the installation conditions are limited, the transmitter zero position should be adjusted to the standard value after installation and fixation.       7, the transmitter output ≥ 20mA?   A: The possible reasons are:        A. Check whether the actual pressure exceeds the selected range of the pressure transmitter;        B, sensor overload caused by (serious overload sometimes damage the isolation diaphragm);        C, sensor failure;  

Q1: What type of pressure does the pressure transmitter measure? A: The first thing to consider is the maximum pressure your system experiences. A good rule of thumb is to choose a pressure transmitter with a range up to 1.5 times the maximum pressure of your system. This is because systems, especially in water pressure and process control, often experience pressure spikes or pulses. These spikes can be five to ten times higher than the normal pressure and may damage the pressure transmitter. Continuous high-pressure pulses that approach or exceed the transmitter's maximum limit can also reduce its lifespan. Simply opting for a pressure transmitter with a much higher range isn’t ideal, as this will sacrifice resolution. A better approach is to use a snubber to dampen the spikes, even if it slows the transmitter's response slightly.     Q2: What is the pressure medium? A: It's crucial to consider the medium the pressure transmitter will be measuring. Is it a thick liquid or slurry that will come into contact with the transmitter? Will the transmitter be exposed to corrosive substances or just clean air? These factors can determine which type of pressure transmitter is appropriate for your application.     Q3: What level of accuracy is required? A: Accuracy refers to the transmitter’s output errors, which can result from factors like non-linearity, hysteresis, temperature effects, and more. Temperature changes, zero balance, and other factors can lower a transmitter's accuracy compared to its nominal rating. While higher accuracy transmitters tend to be more expensive, ask yourself: does your system truly need that level of precision? Using a highly accurate pressure transmitter with a low-resolution instrument is an inefficient and costly approach.     Q4: What is the pressure transmitter's temperature resistance? A: Extreme temperatures can affect a pressure transmitter’s performance or even render it unusable. Each transmitter typically has an operating range and a narrower compensation range within which it meets its specifications. Outside of this compensation range, the transmitter can still function but may not perform optimally. Look for the transmitter’s specifications related to temperature errors, like “±x% full scale/°C” or “±x% reading/°C.” Without these parameters, it’s hard to tell if changes in output are due to pressure or temperature fluctuations.     Q5: What type of output is needed? A: Most pressure transmitters offer millivolt, voltage-amplified, milliamp, or frequency outputs. The choice depends on the distance between the transmitter and your system's control or display units, as well as noise levels and electrical interference. For short distances, a millivolt output is often sufficient and cost-effective. For longer distances or high-noise environments, a milliamp or frequency output with additional shielding may be necessary.     Q6: What is the required excitation voltage? A: The pressure transmitter’s output type may determine the excitation voltage needed. Some transmitters with built-in amplifiers can operate over a wide range of unregulated voltage sources, while others need regulated excitation. The decision here will influence system cost and the power source you choose.     Q7: Do the pressure transmitters need to be interchangeable? A: Interchangeability can be crucial, especially for OEMs. If you’re delivering products to customers, recalibrating the entire system each time you swap out a pressure transmitter can be costly. Interchangeable transmitters allow you to replace parts without needing to recalibrate, saving time and money.     Q8: How stable does the pressure transmitter need to be over time? A: Pressure transmitters can drift over time, so it’s important to consider the time stability of the transmitter. Understanding this up front can help minimize potential issues later.     Q9: How durable should the pressure transmitter be? A: Consider the physical demands of the environment where the pressure transmitter will be used. Will it be exposed to high humidity, vibrations, or impacts? The transmitter's housing needs to be robust enough to withstand these conditions.     Q10: How will the pressure transmitter connect to your electrical system? A: Will the transmitter's short cable suffice, or do you need to extend it with a connector? Most pressure transmitters offer either a cable or connector option, depending on your installation needs.

The principle of infrared temperature measurement sensor is based on the law of blackbody radiation, according to Stephen Boltzmann's law, all the temperature above absolute zero (-273.15 ° C) of the object will radiate electromagnetic waves to the outside, infrared temperature measurement sensor because of its wide temperature range and the convenience of non-contact temperature measurement, is now more and more widely used. Today we talk about how to measure different material objects how to correct the emissivity? Infrared emissivity factors Emissivity is the ratio of the energy radiated from the surface of an object to the energy radiated from a blackbody at the same temperature. It is an important parameter that affects the accuracy of infrared temperature measurement, but the actual application, the actual object emissivity is affected by a variety of factors, mainly containing the following elements: Material type Different materials have different infrared radiation characteristics due to differences in their chemical composition and physical structure, resulting in different emissivity. Usually, non-metallic materials such as plastics, wood and ceramics have higher IR emissivity, while metallic materials such as aluminum and copper have lower emissivity. Surface Roughness The smoothness or roughness of an object's surface affects its ability to absorb and emit infrared radiation. The rougher the surface, the higher the emissivity is likely to be, especially for metallic materials. The emissivity of non-metallic materials is relatively unaffected by surface roughness. Color depth The depth of a color does not directly determine the IR emissivity, but can indirectly affect the absorption and reflection of IR radiation from an object. Temperature of the object The emissivity of some materials sometimes varies with temperature, and this dependence varies from material to material. Object emissivity correction methods When using an infrared temperature measurement sensor for on-line monitoring of object temperature, if you are not sure about the object emissivity or the sensor emissivity has been fixed, you can use the following methods to adjust the emissivity of the temperature measurement object according to the emissivity characteristics, so as to achieve the optimal temperature measurement effect. Gluing method Localized electrical tape or thermal adhesive coating, the emissivity is close to 0.95, suitable for low emissivity of the material, the requirements of the heating process does not change the surface state of the object. Suitable for heat dissipation module, metal surface, etc.. Paint spraying method Most of the paint emissivity close to 0.95, local spray paint, can be applied to low emissivity, high temperature temperature measurement objects, such as pipelines, heat sinks, bearings and so on. Paint method Using a dark-colored water-based pen (emissivity close to 0.95) evenly coated on the surface of the measurement point, this method can be applied to do not allow changes in the surface state of the object scene. It can be erased after application. However, the target temperature is not suitable to exceed 100 degrees. Frosting/oxidizing method Most bright metals have low emissivity. Sanding or oxidizing the metal surface to reduce specular reflection can increase its emissivity and improve the accuracy of temperature measurement. Contact thermometer method Use the contact temperature sensor to directly detect the surface temperature of the object, by adjusting the emissivity, until the measured surface temperature is the same or similar. For example: the range of the sensor is 500-1400 ℃, the real temperature is 1200 ℃, the measured temperature is 1150 ℃. At this time, the emissivity parameter can be adjusted to: (1150-500)÷(1200-500)=0.928≈0.93

As one of the most influential and largest sensor exhibitions in the world, SENSOR TEST in Nuremberg, Germany, was held on June 11-13, 2024 in Nuremberg Exhibition Center, Germany.   Firstrate Sensor in this exhibition to show its latest industrial sensor and IOT sensor solutions, with the world's best sensor companies and experts for technical communication.     Firstrate brought a series of sensors and IoT solutions for pressure measurement, wind speed and direction measurement, liquid level measurement, temperature measurement, displacement measurement, water quality monitoring, environmental monitoring, etc. to the exhibition.   Firstrate sensor booth was popular and Firstrate team was very enthusiastic.     Firstrate's pressure sensors, wind speed sensors, and environmental monitoring sensors were the focus of the show, and were recognized and acknowledged by industry professionals for their products' excellent performance and stability.   During the exhibition, Mr. Chen Xucai, General Manager of Firstrate, and sensor engineers from other companies exchanged views on the sensor industry, and also shared Firstrate's extensive sensor development history and experience.       The exhibition came to a successful conclusion and we are very grateful, once again, to all our visitors for attending our exhibition.   We look forward to seeing you at the next exhibition!    

A pressure sensor can feel the pressure signal, and by a certain law will be converted to the pressure signal available output of the electrical signal device or device.       Pressure sensors are usually composed of pressure-sensitive components and signal-processing units. According to different types of test pressure, pressure sensors can be divided into gauge pressure sensors, absolute pressure sensors, and differential pressure sensors.         Pressure sensors are the most commonly used in industrial practice of a sensor, which is widely used in a variety of industrial automation environments, involving water conservancy and hydropower, railroad transportation, intelligent buildings, production automation, aerospace, military, petrochemical, oil wells, electric power, ships, machine tools, pipelines, and many other industries.         Common Units of Pressure   Europe the United States and other countries are accustomed to using psi as the unit PSI English full name Pounds per square inch, is “pound-force / square inch”. 1bar≈14.5psi1psi=6.894757kPa=0.0689476barIn China, we generally describe the pressure of the gas with “kilograms” (rather than “pounds”), the unit is In China, we generally describe the pressure of a gas as “kg” (instead of “jin”), and the unit is “kgf/cm2”, which means “kilogram-force per square centimeter”. In addition, there are Pa (Pascal, a Newton acting on a square meter), kPa, MPa, bar, millimeters of water, millimeters of mercury, and other units of pressure.     Five types of pressure sensors   ◆Strain Gauge Pressure Sensor-High Precision Most Widely Used        The core of the resistance strain gauge pressure sensor is a resistance strain gauge, which is a metal sheet that deforms when it is subjected to a force. When the strain gauge is subjected to an external force, its length and cross-sectional area change, which in turn changes the resistance value.         Strain sensors can measure physical quantities such as strain stress, bending moment, torque, acceleration, displacement, etc. and are most widely used in different fields. They are especially used in industrial weighing system products that require high accuracy, such as platform scales and hopper weighing systems.   ◆Ceramic Pressure Sensor-Resistant to Wear and Stability           Ceramic is the ideal material for pressure sensors because of its elasticity, impact resistance, abrasion resistance, and stable performance. Ceramic pressure sensors do not have liquid transfer, but use ceramic directly as the sensing diaphragm, so that the pressure indirectly on the back of the ceramic diaphragm of the thick film resistance, connected to a Wheatstone bridge, resistance resistance changes through the bridge to produce a voltage signal proportional to the pressure, the excitation voltage.　　   Compared with metal strain gauges, ceramic pressure sensors, ' biggest feature is corrosion resistance, in the measurement of corrosive media pressure, such as in the chemical industry, refrigeration and other fields are often very useful. Secondly, ceramic pressure sensors are often composed of a layered structure, so they have a better resistance to pressure peaks, but the corresponding sensitivity may not be as good as the former performance.   ◆Diffuse Silicon Pressure Sensors - Small Size, Big Signal           The principle is that the pressure of the measured medium acts directly on the diaphragm of the sensor, causing the diaphragm to produce a micro-displacement proportional to the medium pressure, so that the sensor's resistance changes, and rely on the electronic circuit to detect the changes, and quickly convert and output the corresponding standard measurement signal.         A significant advantage of diffusion silicon pressure sensors is a large signal output, for the back-end variable transmission conditioning line provides a great advantage, coupled with high resolution, high sensitivity, and its optional back-end circuit. Secondly, the compact size of diffusive silicon facilitates installation and can be widely used in medical devices to assist in biomonitoring.   ◆Sapphire Pressure Sensor - Accurate and Highly Priced           Similar to the first strain-resistor type, the receiving diaphragm deforms after being subjected to transmitted pressure, and after the change is sensed by the silicon-sapphire sensitive element, the bridge outputs an electrical signal that is proportional to the change in pressure.         As a semiconductor-sensitive element, sapphire's metrological properties are unrivaled, not only will not occur hysteresis, fatigue, and creep phenomena, but also under very high hardness is not afraid of deformation. In addition, sapphire has very good elasticity and insulating properties, such sensors can work in a variety of extreme environments with high reliability, good accuracy, and very small temperature errors. Its shortcomings a

Firstrate Sensor will attend the SENSOR+TEST 2024 exihibition.  Meet us on June 11-13, 2024 at the Nuremberg Exhibition Center, Germany! Booth No: 1-241. Looking forward to meet you in Germany！

On February 4th, 2024, the Firstrate Sensor 2023 Annual Commendation Conference and Annual Partywere held grandly at the Xinyuan White Swan Hotel. First's special guests, company leaders, retired employees and all working Firstrate team gathered together to celebrate the grand ceremony!   1. Annual meeting lottery     During the banquet, the company also carefully planned an exciting lottery session, which pushed the joyful atmosphere to a climax again. When the host announced the winners of each award in turn, the audience burst into applause, no matter on the faces of the winners The overflowing smiles and the applause and blessings of the non-winners all demonstrated the strong spirit of friendship and unity among the team.      2. Group photo at the annual meeting     During the group photo session, all employees gathered together with smiles on their faces and firm eyes. In front of the camera, they are not only witnesses of the company's development, but also an important force driving the company forward. These group photos are like vivid pictures, recording the spirit of sharing glory and unity at this moment, and showing the high-spirited and enterprising collective style of all members of the company.     In the new year, Firstrate wishes you all good luck in the Year of the Dragon, happiness to your family, and all the best! To learn more, please contact the Firstrate team.