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Multi-sensor complements the advantages of unmanned vehicles

2016-12-16

Today, self-driving vehicles are no longer regarded as science fiction, but as revolutionary technological products that will be realized now! The main reason is that, with the advent of advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) systems and the promotion and development of unmanned driving, cars need to know their surroundings well. The driver can perceive the environment around us, make judgments at the same time, and react quickly in different situations. However, no one is perfect, we will be tired, distracted, and make mistakes due to mistakes. In order to improve safety, automakers are designing ADAS solutions for passenger cars. Automobiles rely on a variety of sensors to sense the complex surrounding environment in different situations. Then, these data will be transmitted to high-precision processors such as TITDA2x, and finally used for automatic emergency braking (AEB), lane departure warning (LDW) and blind spot monitoring functions.       There are mainly the following types of sensors used to sense the surrounding environment in autonomous driving technology.   Passive sensors-mainly used to sense rays reflected or emitted from objects.   Visual image sensor-all imagers operate in the visible spectrum   Infrared image sensor-operating outside the visible spectrum. It can be near infrared or thermal infrared (far infrared).   Passive sensors are affected by the environment-at different times, weather, etc. For example, visual sensors are affected by the amount of visible light at different times of the day.   Active sensor-by emitting rays and measuring the response of the reflected signal. The advantage is that the measurement results can be obtained at any time, regardless of time or season.   Radar-by emitting radio waves, the distance, direction and speed of the object are determined based on the radio waves reflected from the object   Ultrasound-by emitting ultrasonic waves, the distance of the object is determined according to the ultrasonic waves reflected from the object   Lidar-Determine the distance of an object by scanning the laser light reflected from an object   Time of flight-use the camera to measure the time taken for the infrared beam to bounce from the object to the sensor to determine the distance of the object   Structured light-Project a known light pattern onto an object, for example by TI's Digital Light Processing (DLP) equipment. Subsequently, the camera will capture the deformed light map and analyze it to determine the distance of the object.   In order to provide enhanced accuracy, reliability, and durability in a variety of different situations, it is usually necessary to use at least one sensor to observe the same scene. All sensor technologies have their inherent limitations and advantages. Different sensor technologies can be combined to fuse data from different sensors in the same scene, thereby providing a more stable and durable solution, which compares view confusion through data fusion. A typical example is the combination of visible light sensor and radar.     Dismantling autonomous driving technology   Gill Pratt, head of Toyota Research Institute, listed several technologies related to unmanned vehicles. The first is the smartphone, and its related technologies, low-voltage computer processors, computer vision chips and photographic lenses have become "incredibly cheap and popular."   Moreover, cars have shifted from the power plant as the center to the computer as the center. For example, they are equipped with driving recorders, front and rear sensors, and other technologies to avoid hitting objects and warn driving. In addition, the map data system used to identify locations and guide directions, whether it is GPS positioning or Google Map, has become more and more accurate.   Deep learning has brought computer perception capabilities closer and closer to humans, allowing unmanned vehicles to recognize the difference between bicycles and pedestrians, signs and trees. Gill Pratt pointed out that the annual "ImageNet Image Recognition Contest" will test the accuracy of using deep learning algorithms to recognize pictures and images. A few years ago, the error rate was as high as 30%, but last year, the error rate has dropped to less than 5%.    These key sensing technologies and computing capabilities form the basis for the realization of unmanned vehicles, and most of them overlap with the technologies used in ADAS (Advanced Driver Assistance System).     How do self-driving cars see the world       Why do you need so many kinds of sensors? Complementary advantages and disadvantages       At present, most automakers are equipped with "autopilot" functions in mass-produced vehicles, including Tesla, Volvo, Mercedes-Benz, Audi, etc., in fact, they are equipped with ADAS. If NHTSA's level of autonomous driving is used, most of them are in the first place. Second to third level. However, Google, Ford and Baidu hope to ski

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What kind of opportunities will the development of smart logistics bring to sensors?

2016-10-29

In recent years, with the continuous advancement of Industry 4.0, smart manufacturing and the rapid development of e-commerce, the demand for smart logistics technology has risen sharply, and the market scale has continued to expand. Industry statistics show that the scale of the automated logistics system market has grown rapidly from less than 2 billion yuan in 2001 to 42.5 billion yuan in 2014. It is expected that it will exceed 100 billion yuan in 2020 and will maintain a rapid growth rate of more than 15% in the next few years increase.   The realization of factory automation and intelligent manufacturing is inseparable from the support of intelligent logistics systems, and the development of intelligent logistics is inseparable from informatization. A large amount of data and information collection and transmission need to rely on the core equipment of sensors. It can be said that sensors are the basic products of the entire logistics system, especially smart sensors that can be integrated with big data and factory automation, and can achieve information interaction through the Internet or "cloud". They have become the key technology and equipment for the development of smart logistics. . Therefore, the rapid development of the smart logistics market is increasing the demand for sensors, especially smart sensors, and promoting the further development of sensor technology.

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Aircraft manufacturing is inseparable from sensors, and the rare metal germanium is widely used

2016-10-25

In order to obtain information from the outside world, people must resort to sensory organs. But in many real activities, it is far from enough to rely on people's own sense organs. Therefore, sensors came into being and are widely used in various industries. Aircraft manufacturing is an area where sensors are widely used, and rare metal germanium, as an important raw material for sensors, plays an indispensable role in it.   Fiber optic sensors monitor aircraft flight data   As a new type of sensor, the optical fiber sensor is made in the "hair" thickness of the optical fiber to achieve the measurement of various physical parameters such as strain, temperature, pressure, acceleration, etc. It can withstand high voltage and resist electromagnetic interference. It can also be buried inside the structural body and is mostly used for online monitoring, such as bridges, dams, oil depots, railways, etc.   The use of optical fiber sensors can not only provide safety warnings for abnormal conditions through data, and achieve long-term health judgment and life prediction through data accumulation, but also provide data support for the deformation of the aircraft wing, making the flight safer and more intelligent.   Inclination sensor measures aircraft flight angle   The best advantage of the tilt sensor is that it can directly output tilt data such as angle, which can be used to display the pitch and roll attitude of the passenger plane.   When the passenger plane is flying normally, the tilt sensor can measure the current pitch angle and roll angle of the passenger plane in real time, and transmit the tilt angle signal to the display system, so that the captain or co-pilot can understand the current flight attitude of the passenger plane in real time , Which greatly improves the safety of passenger aircraft flight.   Pressure sensor to ensure accurate atmospheric data   Pressure sensors are mainly used in the measurement of acceleration, pressure and force. For example, the pressure type accelerometer is a commonly used accelerometer. It has the advantages of simple structure, small size, light weight, and long service life. It is used in aircraft vibration and shock measurement. The pressure sensor can also be used to measure the combustion pressure and vacuum degree of the aircraft engine.     Altitude sensor measures the aircraft's flight altitude   The altimeter is an important sensor in the aircraft, which plays a very important role in the safe flight and autonomous control of the aircraft. Take the helicopter as an example. The vertical control of the helicopter is realized by controlling the lift of the main rotor. The altitude information and vertical speed information of the vertical control come from the altitude sensor, which records the air pressure on the ground and compares it with the air pressure value of the helicopter during flight. The higher the flight, the lower the pressure, and the current altitude of the helicopter can be calculated by the difference between the two.   By changing the height, the vertical speed can be calculated. But once the altitude sensor fails, the vertical control system of the unmanned helicopter will have problems, leading to serious accidents.   In addition to the above-mentioned examples, the application of sensors on aircraft include: temperature sensors measure the temperature of aircraft engines, temperature and humidity sensors measure the temperature and humidity in the aircraft room, oil level sensors measure the fuel level of the mailbox in the aircraft, acceleration sensors and speed sensors measurement The acceleration and speed of the aircraft flying, the smoke sensor for smoke alarm, the ultrasonic sensor to monitor the position of the aircraft, and the inertial sensor and so on.   Semiconductor material sensors are one of the most common sensors, which are sensors made of various physical, chemical and biological properties of semiconductor materials. There are many types of semiconductor sensors, which utilize nearly a hundred physical effects and material characteristics, and have multiple sensory functions similar to those of human eyes, ears, nose, tongue, and skin. The rare metal germanium is an important semiconductor material, which is sparsely distributed and has no concentrated germanium ore. Global germanium resources are scarce. China is the world's second largest germanium resource country after the United States, which affects the global germanium supply.   In view of the importance and scarcity of germanium, the state began to plan its strategic purchase and storage in 2011. The Pan-Asian Nonferrous Metals Exchange, established in the same year, also took germanium as one of the listed products, and used the power of private capital to purchase and store, and form a benign complement to the state. Nowadays, another new type of internet finance platform under Pan Asia Group-Pan Rong.com will also list germani

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Application of pressure sensor in non-negative pressure water supply system

2016-10-21

At present, in order to eliminate the impact on residential water use in urban water supply, the relevant urban water supply regulations drafted by my country stipulate that it is not allowed to install domestic and production water pumps directly on the municipal pipeline network. Resident water supply equipment is connected in series to the municipal water supply pipe network, and a non-negative pressure water supply system is required. A flow controller and a sub-cavity stabilized pressure compensation tank should be added between the pump inlet and the municipal pipe network. The flow controller constantly monitors the municipal pipes. Net pressure. While ensuring that the municipal pipe network does not produce negative pressure, it can also make full use of the original pressure of the municipal pipe network.     The non-negative pressure water supply system detects the pressure change of the water supply pipe network when the water consumption changes through the high-sensitivity pressure sensor or pressure switch installed on the water supply pipe network, and continuously transmits the changed signal to the microcomputer. According to different operating conditions, the compensation amount is dynamically controlled to achieve dynamic pressure balance and ensure a constant pressure in the water supply pipe network to meet the water needs of users. When municipal piped tap water enters the regulating tank at a certain pressure, the air in the pressure stabilizing compensation tank is discharged from the vacuum eliminator, and the vacuum eliminator is automatically closed after the water is full. When the tap water can meet the water pressure and water volume requirements, the water supply equipment directly supplies water to the water pipe network through the bypass check valve; when the pressure of the tap water pipe network cannot meet the water requirements, the system will pass the pressure sensor, or the pressure switch, the electricity The contact pressure gauge gives the pump signal to start the pump operation.       In addition, when the water is supplied by the pump, if the water volume of the tap water pipe network is greater than the pump flow rate, the system maintains normal water supply. During the peak period of water use, if the water volume of the tap water pipe network is less than the pump flow rate, the water in the regulating tank can still be used as a supplementary water source to supply water normally. At this time, the air enters the regulating tank from the vacuum eliminator, which eliminates the negative pressure of the tap water pipe network. After the peak period of water use, the system returns to its normal state. If the tap water supply is insufficient or the water supply of the pipe network is stopped, which causes the water level in the regulating tank to drop continuously, the liquid level controller will give a water pump shutdown signal to protect the water pump unit. This process circulates in this way, and finally achieves the purpose of water supply without negative pressure.

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China's key sensors for reconnaissance unmanned vehicles need to be imported and localized in 3-5 years

2016-10-21

On October 17, the finals of the "Over Dangers 2016" Ground Unmanned System Challenge held by the Chinese Army Equipment Department was held in Beijing. Tang Jin, deputy director of the Scientific Research Ordering Bureau of the Army Armament Department, stated at the final press conference that unmanned technology has broad application prospects in the military field and will profoundly change the shape and style of future wars. In layman's terms, people expect that unmanned systems can complete some high-risk tasks or tasks that humans cannot complete in non-war military operations such as war or rescue and disaster relief.     Tang Jin said that this competition represents the highest level of unmanned technology in China in terms of scale and subject difficulty. According to the reporter's understanding, a total of 22 teams stood out from 73 teams from all over the country and advanced to the finals. Their scientific research strength is at the leading level in China. Therefore, industry leaders who come to participate and watch the competition have a considerable say in the development status of unmanned systems and the prospects of their application in future military operations.     Modeling the unknown environment is a worldwide problem   The guest, Deng Zongquan, vice president of Harbin Institute of Technology, was one of the earliest scholars engaged in lunar rover research. In his view, unmanned systems still have a long way to go before they become tools on the battlefield.   Wu Tao, an associate professor at the National University of Defense Technology, interprets the development status of unmanned systems in a popular way as "it can be applied in a known environment, but cannot be modeled in an unknown environment." In this research field, the adaptability of unmanned systems to unstructured environments is a recognized problem, that is, how to improve the adaptability of unmanned systems to unknown environments.   In the competition, Professor Xu Youchun from the Military Transportation Academy led the "Mengshi Intelligent No. 1" team to take the lead in the field battlefield reconnaissance category A and B competitions. In fact, this car not only performed well in this competition, but its previous generations of principle prototypes have already won 3 championships and 3 runner-ups in the "China Smart Car Future Challenge".   Xu Youchun told a reporter from China Youth Daily and China Youth Online that “every cross-country road that can be driven by humans can basically be walked”, and the “Fierce Lion” also has a “walking” function, that is, it can also be used when GPS positioning and navigation are temporarily lost. "Try to find your way" yourself.But in general, the "Fierce Lion" is still in the cub stage, and can only complete the set tasks in the known environment, and does not have the corresponding adaptive ability to the unknown environment.        For example, if the reconnaissance target is set as an oil barrel, Xu Youchun and his teammates can take hundreds of images of oil barrels with different shapes, positions, and lighting conditions, etc., and save them in the system for comparison and recognition by the "Fierce Lion". By designing a fixed route and procedures for how to overcome known obstacles, the "Fierce Lion" can basically complete the task successfully. But the reality is that people cannot predict all the routes and obstacles in the area to be surveyed.   This is not only a problem facing Xu Youchun's team, but the world's unmanned technology research field is facing the dilemma that it cannot model the unknown environment.   Yang Jingyu, a professor at Nanjing University of Science and Technology, has been engaged in unmanned systems research for 25 years. He explained that structured environments can be simulated by non-stop modeling. For example, environmental data on highways can be measured, and machines can be collected and identified. And judgment. "Artificial intelligence has something to do with structured environments. But unstructured environments are difficult to simulate, and the world has not done a good job of modeling in unstructured environments."   For this reason, interviewed professionals such as Wu Tao, Deng Zongquan, and Yang Jingyu all said that from this perspective, China and the United States, the leader in unmanned technology, are not much different. They all need to strengthen theoretical design research on unstructured environments, that is, unknown environments.      My country's R&D strength of basic components needs to be improved   Specific to the current status of domestic unmanned system research and development, the main research and development forces who came to participate and watch the competition clearly saw their own advantages and shortcomings.   Professionals usually use three dimensions to investigate unmanned systems, including environmental perception, planning and decision-making, and low-level co

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The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology is formulating a sensor development plan-MEMS welcomes new opportunities

2016-10-14

The Internet of Things (IOT), smart hardware, automotive electronics, and Industry 4.0 have brought huge market opportunities to sensors. At the "3rd Global Sensor Summit Forum and China Internet of Things Application Summit" that ended yesterday, how sensors become the "eagle" instead of the "pig" on the "outlet" has become the focus of heated discussion and attention by many participating experts. According to industry insiders, based on huge opportunities and fragmented market demand, MEMS sensors have become a new opportunity for sensor development, and platform companies focusing on serving small and medium-sized companies have begun to emerge.   As the most important component of the perception layer of the Internet of Things, sensors have become one of the focus of policy support. At the forum, Ding Wenwu, general manager of the National Integrated Circuit Industry Investment Fund (hereinafter referred to as the "big fund"), said that the big fund will support the development of the Internet of Things, focusing on investment in sensors, MEMS sensors and other fields. Ren Aiguang, director of the Integrated Circuit Division of the Electronics Department of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, revealed that the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology is formulating a sensor development plan, which will be released soon.

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