Temperature Monitoring
Temperature is the most fundamental and critical monitoning parameter for liquiccooling systems.
Coolant inlet/outlet temperatures: Monitoring the inlet and return temperatures acrossthe main circuit, branch lines, and individual equipment cold plates allows for the assessment of heat dissipation eiciency based on temperature differentials; excessively hiqh inlet temperatures or abnormal temperature differentials indicate insufficient cooling capacity or equipment loads exceeding limits.

Pressure Monitoring
Pressure reflects pipeline flow status, pump operation, and valve conditions, serving as akey basis for troubleshooting pipeline issues.
Pipeline Operating Pressure: Monitors pressure in the main fluid supply lines, branch lines.ano at the inlet and outiet of circulation Dunnps, Low pressure indicates oioeline leaks orpump malfunctions, while high pressure suggests pipeline blockages or stuck valves.

Flow Monitoring
Flow rate determines the eficiency of coolant circulation and directly impacts the uniformity of heat dissipation.
Monitoring focuses on the flow rates of the main pipelineindividual branch circuits, and specific cold plate branches. Insufficient fow can lead tclocalized cooling failure, while excessive fow fluctuations indicate issues such as airlocks or abnomal flow distribution within the piping. Additionally, by correlatinc temperature and flow data, the system's overall heat dissipation power can be accurately calculated to facilitate energy eficiency analysis.

Liquid Level Monitoring
Liquid level is a critical parameter for system safety, serving to mitigate risksassociated with coolant loss and leakage.
Reservoir/Expansion Tank Level: Monitors coolant volume in real-time; providesearly warnings for low levels to prompt refilling, and detects sudden drops toidentify major system leaks.

Water Quality Monitoring
Water is primarily used in closed-loop liquid cooling systems to ensure the long-term.
stable operation of piping and cold plates.Conductivity: Assesses the electrical conductivity of the coolant; excessive levelsincrease the risk of electrochemical corrosion and electrical leakage.PH and Turbidity: Monitor coolant acidity/alkalinity and impurity levels to promptlydetect issues such as fluid degradation, microbial growth, and pipeline scaling.